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Performance evaluation of an improved biomass-fired cogeneration system simultaneously using extraction

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 321-335 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0741-4

摘要： An advanced cogeneration system based on biomass direct combustion was developed and its feasibility was demonstrated. In place of the traditional single heat source (extraction steam), the extraction steam from the turbine, the cooling water from the plant condenser, and the low-pressure feedwater from the feedwater preheating system were collectively used for producing district heat in the new scheme. Hence, a remarkable energy-saving effect could be achieved, improving the overall efficiency of the cogeneration system. The thermodynamic and economic performance of the novel system was examined when taking a 35 MW biomass-fired cogeneration unit for case study. Once the biomass feed rate and net thermal production remain constant, an increment of 1.36 MW can be expected in the net electric production, because of the recommended upgrading. Consequently, the total system efficiency and effective electrical efficiency augmented by 1.23 and 1.50 percentage points. The inherent mechanism of performance enhancement was investigated from the energy and exergy aspects. The economic study indicates that the dynamic payback period of the retrofitting project is merely 1.20 years, with a net present value of 5796.0 k$. In conclusion, the proposed concept is validated to be advantageous and profitable.

关键词： biomass-fired cogeneration     district heat production system     absorption heat pump     extraction steam     cooling water     low-pressure feedwater    

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A district heating system based on absorption heat exchange with CHP systems

Lin FU, Yan LI, Yi JIANG, Shigang ZHANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 77-83 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0022-0

摘要： In order to decrease the energy consumption of large-scale district heating systems with cogeneration, a district heating system is presented in this paper based on absorption heat exchange in the cogeneration system named Co-ah cycle, which means that the cogeneration system is based on absorption heat exchange. In substations of the heating system, the temperature of return water of primary heat network is reduced to about 25°C through the absorption heat-exchange units. In the thermal station of the cogeneration plant, return water is heated orderly by the exhaust steam in the condenser, the absorption heat pumps, and the peak load heater. Compared with traditional heating systems, this system runs with a greater circuit temperature drop so that the delivery capacity of the heat network increases dramatically. Moreover, by recovering the exhausted heat from the condensers, the capacity of the district heating system and the energy efficiency of the combined heat and power system (CHP system) are highly developed. Therefore, high energy and economic efficiency can be obtained.

关键词： cogeneration     district heating     absorption heat exchange     Co-ah cycle    

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Optimizing environmental insulation thickness of buildings with CHP-based district heating system based

Yumei ZHANG, Pengfei JIE, Chunhua LIU, Jing LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 613-628 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0700-5

摘要： The increase of insulation thickness (IT) results in the decrease of the heat demand and heat medium temperature. A mathematical model on the optimum environmental insulation thickness (OEIT) for minimizing the annual total environmental impact was established based on the amount of energy and energy grade reduction. Besides, a case study was conducted based on a residential community with a combined heat and power (CHP)-based district heating system (DHS) in Tianjin, China. Moreover, the effect of IT on heat demand, heat medium temperature, exhaust heat, extracted heat, coal consumption, carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions and sulfur dioxide (SO ) emissions as well as the effect of three types of insulation materials (i.e., expanded polystyrene, rock wool and glass wool) on the OEIT and minimum annual total environmental impact were studied. The results reveal that the optimization model can be used to determine the OEIT. When the OEIT of expanded polystyrene, rock wool and glass wool is used, the annual total environmental impact can be reduced by 84.563%, 83.211%, and 86.104%, respectively. It can be found that glass wool is more beneficial to the environment compared with expanded polystyrene and rock wool.

关键词： optimum environmental insulation thickness     heat medium temperature     energy grade     extracted heat     exhaust heat    

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Combined heat and power plant integrated with mobilized thermal energy storage (M-TES) system

Weilong WANG, Yukun HU, Jinyue YAN, Jenny NYSTR?M, Erik DAHLQUIST

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 469-474 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0123-9

摘要： Energy consumption for space and tap water heating in residential and service sectors accounts for one third of the total energy utilization in Sweden. District heating (DH) is used to supply heat to areas with high energy demand. However, there are still detached houses and sparse areas that are not connected to a DH network. In such areas, electrical heating or oil/pellet boilers are used to meet the heat demand. Extending the existing DH network to those spare areas is not economically feasible because of the small heat demand and the large investment required for the expansion. The mobilized thermal energy storage (M-TES) system is an alternative source of heat for detached buildings or sparse areas using industrial heat. In this paper, the integration of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant and an M-TES system is analyzed. Furthermore, the impacts of four options of the integrated system are discussed, including the power and heat output in the CHP plant. The performance of the M-TES system is likewise discussed.

关键词： Mobilized thermal energy system     district heating     thermal energy storage     combined heat and power     detached houses    

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Experimental investigation and feasibility analysis of a thermophotovoltaic cogeneration system in high-temperatureproduction processes

Jianxiang WANG, Hong YE, Xi WU, Hujun WANG, Xiaojie XU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 146-154 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0253-y

摘要： The experimental - characteristics of a Si cell module in a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system were investigated using SiC or Yb O radiator. The results demonstrate that the short-circuit current increases while the open-circuit voltage, along with the fill factor, decreases with the cell temperature when the radiator temperature increases from 1273 to 1573 K, leading to a suppressed increase of the output power of the system. The maximum output power density of the cell module is 0.05 W/cm when the temperature of the SiC radiator is 1573 K, while the electrical efficiency of the system is only 0.22%. The efficiency is 1.3% with a Yb O radiator at the same temperature, however, the maximum output power density drops to 0.03 W/cm . The values of the open-circuit voltage and the maximum output power obtained from the theoretical model conform to the experimental ones. But the theoretical short-circuit current is higher because of the existence of the contact resistance inside the cell module. In addition, the performance and cost of TPV cogeneration systems with the SiC or Yb O radiator using industrial high-temperature waste heat were analyzed. The system electrical efficiency could reach 3.1% with a Yb O radiator at 1573 K. The system cost and investment recovery period are 6732 EUR/kWel and 14 years, respectively.

关键词： thermophotovoltaic (TPV)     industrial waste heat     ytterbium oxide     system efficiency    

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Major applications of heat pipe and its advances coupled with sorption system: a review

Yang YU, Guoliang AN, Liwei WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 172-184 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0610-6

摘要： Heat pipe utilizes continuous phase change process within a small temperature drop to achieve high thermal conductivity. For decades, heat pipes coupled with novel emerging technologies and methods (using nanofluids and self-rewetting fluids) have been highly appreciated, along with which a number of advances have taken place. In addition to some typical applications of thermal control and heat recovery, the heat pipe technology combined with the sorption technology could efficiently improve the heat and mass transfer performance of sorption systems for heating, cooling and cogeneration. However, almost all existing studies on this combination or integration have not concentrated on the principle of the sorption technology with acting as the heat pipe technology for continuous heat transfer. This paper presents an overview of the emerging working fluids, the major applications of heat pipe, and the advances in heat pipe type sorption system. Besides, the ongoing and perspectives of the solid sorption heat pipe are presented, expecting to serve as useful guides for further investigations and new research potentials.

关键词： heat pipe     sorption system     heat transfer     solid sorption heat pipe    

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Energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions reduction opportunities in district heating source in

Gaofeng CHEN, Xuejing ZHENG, Lin CONG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 285-295 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0197-7

摘要： Building a trading market can promote energy conservation provided that the trading method is determined. Energy consumption for heat supply is huge. Tianjin Municipal Government is planning to establish an energy efficiency trading platform for district heating taking into consideration the experience in carbon trading market and specific situation in Tianjin. This paper presented an in-depth analysis of the district heating industry in Tianjin municipality, and identified the potentials of energy saving and carbon dioxide emissions reduction. Since energy efficiency was closely related to different heating source technologies, baselines were determined for boiler plants and thermal power plants respectively. Three scenarios were discussed for baseline determination. 472 boiler plants were surveyed and operational data relating to energy consumption were collected. Through data analysis, 27 boiler plants which have reasonable recorded energy consumption values were chosen as samples. By analyzing the dataset and referring to the related standards, method of determining the baseline for district heating carbon market was established. Finxally, the baseline for boiler plant was determined to be 52.0 kgce/GJ, and that for thermal power plant was 43.0 kgce/GJ in 2011. Carbon abatement against the baselines above was calculated and considerable carbon dioxide emissions reduction could be achieved.

关键词： district heating     energy efficiency     baseline     carbon abatement    

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Optimization model analysis of centralized groundwater source heat pump system in heating season

Shilei LU,Yunfang QI,Zhe CAI,Yiran LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 343-361 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0372-8

摘要： The ground-water heat-pump system (GWHP) provides a high efficient way for heating and cooling while consuming a little electrical energy. Due to the lack of scientific guidance for operating control strategy, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system and units are still very low. In this paper, the running strategy of GWHP was studied. First, the groundwater thermal transfer calculation under slow heat transfixion and transient heat transfixion was established by calculating the heat transfer simulation software Flow Heat and using correction factor. Next, heating parameters were calculated based on the building heat load and the terminal equipment characteristic equation. Then, the energy consumption calculation model for units and pumps were established, based on which the optimization method and constraints were established. Finally, a field test on a GWHP system in Beijing was conducted and the model was applied. The new system operation optimization idea for taking every part of the GWHP into account that put forward in this paper has an important guiding significance to the actual operation of underground water source heat pump.

关键词： optimization model     groundwater source heat pump system     theoretical analysis     example verification     heating season    

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A comparison of production system life cycle models

Rajesh ATTRI, Sandeep GROVER

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第7卷 第3期   页码 305-311 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0332-5

摘要：

Companies today need to keep up with the rapidly changing market conditions to stay competitive. The main issues in this paper are related to a company’s market and its competitors. The prediction of market behavior is helpful for a manufacturing enterprise to build efficient production systems. However, these predictions are usually not reliable. A production system is required to adapt to changing markets, but such requirement entails higher cost. Hence, analyzing different life cycle models of the production system is necessary. In this paper, different life cycle models of the production system are compared to evaluate the distinctive features and the limitations of each model. Furthermore, the difference between product life cycle and production life cycle is summarized, and the effect of product life cycle on production life cycle is explained. Finally, a production system life cycle model, along with key activities to be performed in each stage, is proposed specifically for the manufacturing sector.

关键词： production system     life cycle     model     product    

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From plasma to plasmonics: toward sustainable and clean water production through membranes

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 1809-1836 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2339-3

摘要： The increasing demand for potable water is never-ending. Freshwater resources are scarce and stress is accumulating on other alternatives. Therefore, new technologies and novel optimization methods are developed for the existing processes. Membrane-based processes are among the most efficient methods for water treatment. Yet, membranes suffer from severe operational problems, namely fouling and temperature polarization. These effects can harm the membrane’s permeability, permeate recovery, and lifetime. To mitigate such effects, membranes can be treated through two techniques: plasma treatment (a surface modification technique), and treatment through the use of plasmonic materials (surface and bulk modification). This article showcases plasma- and plasmonic-based treatments in the context of water desalination/purification. It aims to offer a comprehensive review of the current developments in membrane-based water treatment technologies along with suggested directions to enhance its overall efficiency through careful selection of material and system design. Moreover, basic guidelines and strategies are outlined on the different membrane modification techniques to evaluate its prerequisites. Besides, we discuss the challenges and future developments about these membrane modification methods.

关键词： water treatment     membrane-based process     plasma treatment     plasma polymerization     plasmonic     light-to-heat conversion    

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Evaluation of the performance of a centralized ground-water heat pump system in cold climate region

Shilei LU,Zhe CAI,Li ZHANG,Yiran LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 394-402 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0310-1

摘要： The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a centralized open-loop ground-water heat pump (GWHP) system for climate conditioning in Beijing with a cold climate in China. Thus, a long-time test was conducted on a running GWHP system for the heating season from December 2011 to March 2012. The analysis of the testing data indicates that the average heat-pump coefficient of performance (COP) and the COP of the system (COPs) are 4.27 and 2.59. The low value and large fluctuation in the range of COP are found to be caused by the heat transfixion in the aquifer and the bypass in the circulation loop. Therefore, some suggestions are proposed to improve the performance for GWHPs in the cold climate region in China.

关键词： ground-water heat pump (GWHP)     actual coefficient of performance     heat transfixion    

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Integration of current identity-based district-varied health insurance schemes in China: implications

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 79-84 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0179-5

摘要：

With China’s great efforts to improve public health insurance, clear progress has been achieved toward the ambitious full health insurance coverage strategy for all. The current health insurance schemes in China fall into three categories: urban employee basic health insurance scheme, urban resident scheme, and new rural cooperative medical system. Despite their phasic success, these substantially identity-based, district-varied health insurance schemes have separate operation mechanisms, various administrative institutions, and consequently poor connections. On the other hand, the establishment and implementation of various health insurance schemes provide the preconditioning of more sophisticated social health insurance schemes, the increase in the income of urban and rural people, and the great importance attached by the government. Moreover, the reform of the “Hukou” (household register) system provides economical, official, and institutional bases. Therefore, the establishment of an urban-rural integrated, citizen-based, and nationwide-universal health insurance scheme by the government is critically important to attain equality and national connection. Accordingly, the differences between urban and rural areas should be minimized. In addition, the current schemes, administrative institutions, and networks should be integrated and interconnected. Moreover, more expenditure on health insurance might be essential for the integration despite the settings of global financial crisis. Regardless of the possible challenges in implementation, the proposed new scheme is promising and may be applied in the near future for the benefit of the Chinese people and global health.

关键词： health insurance     urban employee basic health insurance scheme     urban-resident scheme     new rural cooperative medical system    

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Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawatersource heat pump system

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 335-342 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0365-7

摘要： Based on energy conservation equation and Darcy’s law, a model of beach well infiltration intake system applied in a seawater source heat pump system was established. The model consists of the seawater seepage and the heat transfer process. A porous medium model in a software named FLUENT was applied to simulate the seepage and the heat transfer process. This model was also validated by field experiment conducted on the seashore in Tianjin, China. The maximum relative error between simulation results and experimental results was 2.1% (less than 5%), which was acceptable in engineering application. The porosity and coefficient of thermal conductivity of the aquifer soil were determined to be 0.49 W/(m·K) and 1.46 W/(m·K), respectively in the simulation. In addition, the influencing factors of pumping water of beach well were also analyzed. The pumping water was found to increase when the distance between the beach well and the impervious boundary becomes longer, when the distance between the beach well and the supplying water source shortens, when the diameter of the beach well enlarges, and the drawdown enlarges.

关键词： water pumping analysis     experimental validation     infiltration intake system     seawater source heat pump    

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A space power system of free piston Stirling generator based on potassium heat pipe

Mingqiang LIN, Jian MOU, Chunyun CHI, Guotong HONG, Panhe GE, Gu HU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 1-10 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0655-6

摘要： The power system of a free piston Stirling generator (FPSG) based on potassium heat pipes has been developed in this paper. Thanks to the advantages of long life, high reliability, and high overall thermal efficiency, the FPSG is a promising candidate for nuclear energy, especially in space exploration. In this paper, the recent progress of FPSG based on nuclear reactor for space use was briefly reviewed. A novel FPSG weighted only 4.2 kg was designed, and one dimensional thermodynamic modeling of the FPSG using Sage software was performed to estimate its performance. The experiment results indicated that this FPSG could provide 142.4 W at a thermal-to-electric efficiency of nearly 17.4%. Besides, the power system integrated with four FPSGs and potassium heat pipes was performed and the single machine failure test was conducted. The results show that this system could provide an electrical power of 300 W at an overall thermal efficiency of 7.3%. Thus, it is concluded that this power system is feasible and will have a great prospect for future applications.

关键词： free piston Stirling generator (FPSG)     potassium heat pipe     power system     energy conversion    

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Experimental study of primary and secondary side coupling natural convection heat transfer characteristicsof the passive residual heat removal system in AP1000

Zhimin QIU, Daogang LU, Jingpin FU, Li FENG, Yuhao ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 860-871 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0744-1

摘要： Passive residual heat removal heat exchanger (PRHR HX), which is a newly designed equipment in the advanced reactors of AP1000 and CAP1400, plays an important role in critical accidental conditions. The primary and secondary side coupling heat transfer characteristics of the passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) determine the capacity to remove core decay heat during the accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the heat transfer characteristics and develop applicable heat transfer formulas for optimized design. In the present paper, an overall scaled-down natural circulation loop of PRHRS in AP1000, which comprises a scaled-down in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST) and PRHR HX models and a simulator of the reactor core, is built to simulate the natural circulation process in residual heat removal accidents. A series of experiments are conducted to study thermal-hydraulic behaviors in both sides of the miniaturized PRHR HX which is simulated by 12 symmetric arranged C-shape tubes. For the local PRHR HX heat transfer performance, traditional natural convection correlations for both the horizontal and vertical bundles are compared with the experimental data to validate their applicability for the specific heat transfer condition. Moreover, the revised natural convection heat transfer correlations based on the present experimental data are developed for PRHR HX vertical and lower horizontal bundles. This paper provides essential references for the PRHRS operation and further optimized design.

关键词： passive residual heat removal heat exchanger (PRHR HX)     C-shape tube     revised heat transfer correlations     coupled natural convection    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Performance evaluation of an improved biomass-fired cogeneration system simultaneously using extraction

期刊论文

A district heating system based on absorption heat exchange with CHP systems

Lin FU, Yan LI, Yi JIANG, Shigang ZHANG,

期刊论文

Optimizing environmental insulation thickness of buildings with CHP-based district heating system based

Yumei ZHANG, Pengfei JIE, Chunhua LIU, Jing LI

期刊论文

Combined heat and power plant integrated with mobilized thermal energy storage (M-TES) system

Weilong WANG, Yukun HU, Jinyue YAN, Jenny NYSTR?M, Erik DAHLQUIST

期刊论文

Experimental investigation and feasibility analysis of a thermophotovoltaic cogeneration system in high-temperatureproduction processes

Jianxiang WANG, Hong YE, Xi WU, Hujun WANG, Xiaojie XU

期刊论文

Major applications of heat pipe and its advances coupled with sorption system: a review

Yang YU, Guoliang AN, Liwei WANG

期刊论文

Energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions reduction opportunities in district heating source in

Gaofeng CHEN, Xuejing ZHENG, Lin CONG

期刊论文

Optimization model analysis of centralized groundwater source heat pump system in heating season

Shilei LU,Yunfang QI,Zhe CAI,Yiran LI

期刊论文

A comparison of production system life cycle models

Rajesh ATTRI, Sandeep GROVER

期刊论文

From plasma to plasmonics: toward sustainable and clean water production through membranes

期刊论文

Evaluation of the performance of a centralized ground-water heat pump system in cold climate region

Shilei LU,Zhe CAI,Li ZHANG,Yiran LI

期刊论文

Integration of current identity-based district-varied health insurance schemes in China: implications

null

期刊论文

Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawatersource heat pump system

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

期刊论文

A space power system of free piston Stirling generator based on potassium heat pipe

Mingqiang LIN, Jian MOU, Chunyun CHI, Guotong HONG, Panhe GE, Gu HU

期刊论文

Experimental study of primary and secondary side coupling natural convection heat transfer characteristicsof the passive residual heat removal system in AP1000

Zhimin QIU, Daogang LU, Jingpin FU, Li FENG, Yuhao ZHANG

期刊论文